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60 A Comprehensive Review of Thyroiditis: Etiopathogenesis, Clinical Spectrum, and Therapeutic Management
Authors :
Chavhan Darshan Madan,
Deore Vishwajeet Dadaji,
Ghuge Jayraj Shivshankar,
Ghuraiya Uditya Raj Singh,
Jagtap Lekha Rajkumar,
Kalaivanan Nevelan,
Mohammed Saif,
Mohd Fardeen.
( 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8 Student, International Medical Faculty, Osh State University, Osh, Kyrgyzstan.)
Thyroiditis encompasses a heterogeneous group of inflammatory disorders of the thyroid gland with diverse etiologies, clinical presentations, and outcomes. The pathophysiology ranges from autoimmune-mediated destruction, as seen in Hashimoto's thyroiditis, to infectious, drug-induced, or invasive fibrotic processes like Riedel's thyroiditis. Clinical manifestations are equally varied, spanning a continuum from thyrotoxicosis due to unregulated hormone release in the destructive phase to hypothyroidism resulting from glandular failure. Diagnosis relies on a synthesis of clinical history, serological markers (e.g., thyroid antibodies, inflammatory markers), ultrasonographic findings, and, in certain cases, histopathological confirmation. Treatment is not directed at the underlying inflammation per se but is tailored to the resultant thyroid dysfunction and symptom management, ranging from beta-blockers for thyrotoxicosis to lifelong levothyroxine replacement for hypothyroidism. This article provides a systematic review of the classification, pathogenesis, clinical features, diagnostic approaches, and evidence-based management strategies for the various forms of thyroiditis, with a particular focus on the chronic forms, Hashimoto's and Riedel's thyroiditis. The critical importance of accurate differentiation from other thyroid disorders to guide appropriate therapy and prevent complications is emphasized.
Keywords: Thyroiditis, Hashimoto's Disease, Riedel's Thyroiditis, Subacute Thyroiditis, Postpartum Thyroiditis, Thyrotoxicosis, Hypothyroidism, Autoimmune Thyroid Disease.
The thyroid gland, a butterfly-shaped organ situated at the base of the neck, is a central regulator of metabolism, growth, and development. Inflammation of this gland, collectively termed thyroiditis, represents a common endocrine disorder with a wide spectrum of clinical presentations and etiologies...
This narrative review was conducted through a systematic search of peer-reviewed literature. Electronic databases, including PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library, were queried for relevant articles published from the early 20th century to 2024...
Table 1: Classification of Thyroiditis
Thyroiditis represents a complex and multifaceted group of disorders unified by the presence of thyroid inflammation but distinguished by unique etiologies, clinical courses, and long-term outcomes...
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